The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is a Standards Development Organisation (SDO) which supports the development of standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services. ETSI does not allocate spectrum frequencies, but collects, coordinates and contributes to the frequency requirements of the ICT community. ETSI is a founding partner of the… Read more...

French regulator Arcep has launched a consultation on opening up 3.8—4.2 GHz for verticals and the lower part of the 3.4 GHz band for national mobile operators. At the same time, Europe is close to finalising the harmonisation of 3.8—4.2 GHz for private networks. Read more...

With our annual review of spectrum policy in the leading economies now complete, preparing for the arrival of satellite D2D services has emerged as the new item in administrations' in-trays. Read more...

3GPP stands for the Third Generation Partnership Project. It develops protocols for mobile telecommunications and is best known for developing mobile technology standards like LTE (4G) and 5G NR (5G). Source Standards developed as a result of 3GPP activities are widely adopted by MNOs, equipment vendors and device manufacturers, and… Read more...

The past 12 months has seen the leading economies wrestling with a new policy issue—satellite direct-to-device services—as well as assigning mid-band spectrum and finalising positions on 6 GHz. Read more...

Objects in the GSO, or Geosynchronous Orbit, maintain an orbital speed that matches the earth’s rotation, meaning they hold a consistent position. Geosynchronous Orbit is 36,000 kilometres above the Earth’s surface. Geostationary Orbit (GEO) meanwhile is a type of GSO that specifically lies on the same plane as Earth's equator.… Read more...

MEO, or medium-earth orbit satellites are positioned from 2,000 kilometres up to 36,000 kilometres above earth. They are not stationary but move in relation to the earth’s surface. They sit between Low-Earth Orbit and Geostationary Orbit satellites (see separate Glossary entries) but are less commonly deployed than either. They are… Read more...

Richard Marsden, an expert on auctions and market design at the consultancy NERA, has published a detailed overview of the use of different auction formats for radio spectrum since the 1990s. The book features studies of spectrum award “successes” and “failures” from around the world. Read more...

EMF stands for radio frequency electromagnetic field. Electric and magnetic fields are part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation which extends from static electric and magnetic fields, through radio frequency and infrared radiation, to X-rays. The increased use of connected devices, the rollout of base stations and cell sites for… Read more...

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the largest technical professional organisation in the world. The organisation is known for its creation of various standards such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX and TV White Space. It operates through a consensus-based process through technical committees, working groups, task groups and… Read more...