by Dianne Northfield
Common issues for national administrations are assigning mid-band spectrum, renewing expiring licences and taking measures to encourage sharing in new and existing licences. Read more...
by Dianne Northfield
High Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) are aeroplanes, airships and balloons which operate at an altitude of 20-50km above Earth and typically provide connectivity. They operate in the stratosphere above commercial aircraft and below satellites. HAPS are sometimes also referred to as High-Altitude Pseudo-Satellites. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) defines HAPS… Read more...
by Dianne Northfield
The most popular approach in the leading economies is to make the lower portion of 6 GHz available for unlicensed use while leaving the upper range for IMT. However, policies are still developing, particularly in Brazil, the UK, India and Japan. Read more...
by Dianne Northfield
Most leading economies are continuing to make spectrum available for local 5G private networks using a variety of bands and approaches. Read more...
by Richard Haas
The 5G pioneer bands are a set of spectrum bands identified by the European Commission as important for the rollout of 5G technology. The bands are as follows: 700 MHz: 703-733 and 758-788 MHz 3.5 GHz (also called 3.6 GHz): 3400–3800 MHz 26 GHz: 24250–27500 MHz The 5G pioneer bands… Read more...
by Richard Haas
International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) is the term used by the ITU to describe mobile broadband systems. IMT-2000 is commonly associated with 3G technology, IMT-2020 with 5G, and IMT-2030 with 6G. Deciding which spectrum bands receive an "IMT identification" happens at the World Radio Communications Conference (WRC). When a band receives… Read more...
by Richard Haas
The World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) is a meeting usually held every four years where ITU member countries agree on a set of Radio Regulations (ITU RR). These regulations help align spectrum policies internationally. This helps avoid cross-border interference and helps create economies of scale. Thousands of delegates attends WRCs (ITU)… Read more...
by Richard Haas
HIBS or High Altitude IMT Base Stations are a subset of HAPS (High-altitude platform systems) which operate as mobile base stations. Sometimes referred to as “towers in the sky”, they can connect directly to devices on the ground as a terrestrial mobile network would. HAPS are defined by the ITU… Read more...
by Richard Handford
TDD, or Time Division Duplex, is a technique for sending and receiving communications over the same frequency band. Uplink and downlink traffic are separated by the allocation of different time slots in the band. Frequencies assigned in this way are also referred to as unpaired spectrum. Simplified illustration (Source: PolicyTracker)… Read more...
by Richard Handford
FDD, or Frequency Division Duplex, is a technique for sending and receiving communications using paired frequencies, one for uplink and a second for downlink traffic. Typically the two sets of frequencies are of the same size. The guard band separating the paired frequencies is required to prevent interference. Frequencies assigned… Read more...