Our mmWave benchmarking research examines global regulatory approaches to millimeter-wave spectrum assignment for 5G and local networks, with the database tracking technical details of awarded and planned licenses across multiple countries and frequency bands. The research reveals that 26 GHz is more widely adopted than 28 GHz globally, local licensing frameworks are commonly used alongside regional assignments, and assigned bandwidth typically falls below industry recommendations. The database supports seven regional and thematic analysis articles covering global overviews, European developments (split into established policies and longer-term plans), the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, and variance in policy approaches.

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This 6 GHz benchmarking report tracks licensed and unlicensed policy developments for the 6 GHz spectrum band across 107 nations and territories. It highlights major trends, such as Europe’s leadership in unlicensed 5945–6425 MHz policy, the shift towards licensed upper 6 GHz spectrum in parts of Asia following China’s model and post-WRC-23 changes, and growing interest in licensed 6 GHz allocations across the Americas and Africa. This benchmarking is essential for understanding the diversity of global approaches, identifying emerging policy patterns, and supporting stakeholders as they navigate fast-evolving 6 GHz spectrum management strategies.

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This research provides a comprehensive benchmarking archive for the 3.3-4.2 GHz mid-band spectrum, tracking regulatory approaches and assignment status across 122 countries and territories. PolicyTracker’s benchmarking highlights key regional developments—such as increasing local spectrum assignments and fragmented policy landscapes—and offers detailed analyses for Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. By comparing how each region manages the 3.3-4.2 GHz band for IMT/5G, this resource enables regulators and industry stakeholders to understand global trends, identify opportunities, and plan spectrum strategies more effectively.

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This benchmarking shows that seventy countries have either assigned or are planning to assign spectrum specifically for private networks, with half of these in Europe. The benchmarking highlights that the most preferred bands globally for these assignments are 3.3–3.8 GHz, 3.8–4.2 GHz, and 26 GHz. While Europe accounts for the largest share, regions such as Asia-Pacific, the Americas, and Africa are also progressively developing policy frameworks to support private network spectrum allocations. The diversity in approaches and preferred bands reflects both global momentum and significant regional variation in policy and implementation for private networks.

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The Private Networks Regulatory Database provides a detailed and regularly updated overview of global regulatory approaches to private network spectrum. Users can filter the database by band, country, or policy status—such as assigned or consultation—and view technical details for each entry. The database covers parameters including frequency bands, total spectrum available, assignment mechanisms (like auctions or administrative procedures), licence durations, and whether private spectrum has already been released.

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The Satellite D2D-IMT benchmarking compares regulatory approaches to direct-to-device (D2D) satellite services using licensed mobile frequencies around the world. It profiles ongoing regulatory and authorisation developments, notably as international rules do not yet formally cater for this novel use of spectrum. The benchmark tracks pre-WRC-27 activity, highlights anticipation of changes under WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.13 to potentially add MSS allocations to mobile FDD bands for D2D use, and provides a way to assess how different countries and administrations are preparing for or implementing D2D-IMT regulation and spectrum authorisation frameworks.

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