Operator profiles updated for 2025: part three

Our research illustrates clearly that 5G rollout remains the priority for mobile network operators (MNOs). However, over the last 12 months, there’s been increased interest in 5G standalone (SA) and 6G. Some MNOs are exploring the use of artificial intelligence and satellite direct-to-device (D2D) services. All of them are committed to reducing their carbon footprint.

This year, we have added Digi to our list of operators covered. Over the last five years, the company has increased its market segment in Europe by acquiring spectrum holdings in Belgium, Portugal and Spain.

Since our last update, every operator studied has deployed a 5G network and has set targets to provide full population coverage in the next few years. Many are now focused on transitioning to the next, more advanced, stage of 5G and, beyond that, to 6G. Orange, for example, offered free 5G SA trials to customers during the 2024 Paris Olympics, including private 5G for event broadcasting.

Japan’s NTT Docomo has been very active in 6G research and trials; in late 2024, together with its backer NTT, Nokia, and SK Telecom, the company conducted indoor 6G wireless technology tests using AI to optimise transmission. Docomo has also been collaborating with multiple international partners on 6G R&D and standardisation efforts.

Vodafone has been a leading European operator in D2D satellite initiatives. It has conducted multiple D2D satellite connectivity trials with AST SpaceMobile, focusing on integrating satellite-powered mobile connectivity for remote and underserved areas.

On the environmental side of things, Telenor has committed to reducing scope 1 and 2 emissions by 64 per cent by 2030, compared to a 2019 baseline. It is targeting a reduction for the Nordics operations of 95 per cent and a 50 per cent reduction for the Asia operations.

For a summary of this year’s findings, consult the operator overview. Updated individual profiles of the following companies are now available to Spectrum Research Service subscribers:

• Telefónica
• Digi
• Orange
• Vodafone
• SoftBank
• América Móvil
• Airtel Africa
• e&