Spectrum auctions do not simply allocate airwaves: they also shape the markets that emerge around them. This research analyses the tools regulators attach to those auctions, such as coverage obligations, spectrum caps and licence duration, are designed to steer competition, investment and connectivity in a particular direction. This series of four research notes examines each tool in turn and the wider question of their economic impact, drawing on academic research, regulatory data and expert interviews. The evidence is often mixed, with a picture emerging of the complexity of these tools and their effects, particularly long-term.

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This Dossier provides information on the outcome of WRC-23, the agenda items for WRC-27, an overview of key dates and information for WRC-27, and offers a snapshot of arguments for reforming the WRC process, including both agenda setting and member representation. We’ve gathered all information that is publicly available on preliminary positions and categorised them by regional group and per service group: Fixed, Mobile, and Radio location, Fixed-Satellite and Broadcasting Satellite, Mobile-Satellite and Science (published soon)

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The EU plays a vital role in spectrum harmonisation for its member states. There are ongoing harmonisation efforts for the technical rules for local mobile networks in the 3.8—4.2 GHz band. There is strong disagreement concerning the future of the upper 6 GHz band. In the past year, there has been a renewed push for a pan-European spectrum licensing framework and more harmonisation. This research provides a general overview of European spectrum regulation and covers ongoing trends.

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This research examines how the telecommunications sector is addressing sustainability and climate change through initiatives such as energy-efficient technologies, regulatory strategies, and industry commitments to reduce carbon footprints. It highlights efforts and challenges related to green Radio Access Networks (RANs), data center energy use, standardization of energy measurements, and broader regulatory and industry moves towards net zero and environmental responsibility.

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