Vodafone calls itself the largest pan-European and African telecoms company, with 323 million mobile customers according to its FY23 annual report. It operates mobile and fixed networks in 17 countries, with stakes in another five countries through joint ventures and associates. It also partners with 46 countries outside its footprint,… Read more...

Thirty nations have assigned 26 GHz or 28 GHz spectrum or both, with ten of these nations planning further assignments. The majority of these assignments are in Asia (40%) and Europe (35%), although nations in all regions of the world are now looking to award spectrum in these high-bands. Read more...

PolicyTracker’s 2023 country profiles cover Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, the UK and the US. In this overview we analyse their spectrum release plans; approach to 6 GHz; policy on private networks; and plans for 6G. Read more...

Auction procedures have been used in Italy to assign usage rights for the 3.4 GHz, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz and L-Band and for 5G frequencies – 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz and 26 GHz. In 2023, policy planning is focused on the future use of the lower… Read more...

UK-headquartered Vodafone Group aims to "build a digital society that enhances socioeconomic progress, is inclusive for all and does not come at a cost to our planet". It has 323 million mobile customers and operates in 21 countries. It offers broadband, TV, Internet of Things, financial and other services. Its… Read more...

Upfront payments are criticised as a barrier to infrastructure investment, but what are the pros and cons of taking a staged approach? Read more...

This research note examines the current status of different approaches to spectrum sharing. Its focus is on policy approaches that target the use of spectrum in a given band on both an intra-operator and intra-service basis. Read more...

Auction procedures have been used in Italy to assign usage rights for the 3.4 GHz, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz and L-Band and, more recently, for 5G frequencies – 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz and 26 GHz. The 700 MHz spectrum will be available for use in July… Read more...

This table provides examples of different spectrum usage conditions that have been associated with private networks spectrum assignments. Read more...

These tables provide information about private spectrum lease mandates that have been used in Denmark, Italy, and the Czech Republic. Read more...